摘要
The traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka is the first example of a Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems(GIAHS)site in Japan that was proposed by a local government.In this paper,we report the background and circumstances leading to the recognition of this system,its registration as a GIAHS,and its current use after registration.Although semi-natural grasslands have decreased considerably in Japan,we found unique semi-natural grasslands with no pest insects and a rich biodiversity around the tea fields.These grasslands and the farming method employed are known as'Chagusaba',which was registered as a GIAHS in 2013.However,the registration process for GIAHS was not easy,as many local farmers do not understand the value of their traditional farming methods or the GIAHS honor.After registering Chagusaba as a GIAHS,our main agenda was branding.Traditional farming,with time and effort,produces high-quality tea.As labor saving technologies in agriculture have progressed in Japan,the price of high-quality tea has declined,and consequently,the numbers of farmers performing the inefficient traditional farming methods are decreasing.It is necessary to correctly brand the Chagusaba-grown tea and reflect the value of the traditional farming method in the price.The local government of the Shizuoka Prefecture is currently working on implementing a certification system,which includes scientific evaluation using GPS,and the introduction of biodiversity indicators.
日本静冈的传统茶草综合系统是当地政府申请的日本第一个全球重要农业遗产系统(GIAHS)。本文介绍了当初发现该系统的背景、为申报GIAHS所采取的措施以及被列入全球重要农业文化遗产名录后,静冈茶草系统当前的作用和面临的新情况。自2013年入选全球重要农业遗产系统,目前日本的半天然草原大幅减少,但在静冈的茶草系统里发现了独特的半天然草原,茶园里生物多样性非常丰富。这些茶草系统和采用的传统耕作方法被称为'Chagusaba'。然而,GIAHS的申请过程并不容易,因为许多当地农民不了解他们传统耕作方法和GIAHS品牌的价值。在Chagusaba入选GIAHS名单之后,我们的主要工作是相关的品牌推广,努力使传统农业生产出高品质的茶叶。随着日本农业节省劳动力技术的进步,劳动力成本降低,优质茶叶的价格也有所下降,因此,执行低效传统耕作方式的农民数量越来越少。有必要正确地重新认识传统农业方法种植的茶叶的价值,并在价格上得以体现。静冈县当地政府目前正致力于实施认证体系,包括利用GPS进行科学评估,以及引入生物多样性指标等等。
