关于中国人心冠状血管的一些观察——Ⅰ.冠状动脉的起点及分布类型

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CORONARY ARTERIES OF THE CHINESE I. THE ORIGIN AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF CORONARY ARTERIES

1.经防腐液注射保存的尸体上取下的200个心脏解剖标本的观察,发现冠状动脉口的位置;在纵向上、左、右冠状动脉口位于主动脉窦内的,都占大多数。但左口所占的位置较右口稍高。在横向上,左冠状动脉口以位于窦中线者较多,而右口有偏右的倾向。冠状动脉口位置异常的很少见(1.5%)。2.副冠状动脉为与冠状动脉主干分离而独立开口于主动脉窦的各种分支(包括5种)。在200个心脏中的出现率为43.5%。全部在右冠状动脉口的附近。半数分布于动脉圆锥,或达邻近的右室前壁;其余的半数分布于动脉圆锥右侧的脂肪或肺动脉壁。分布于右房的很少(0.5%)。3.用500个心脏解剖标本及30例铸型标本观察了冠状动脉的分布类型。发现Ⅱ型(39.4%)及Ⅲ型(37.0%)为多见。说明冠状动脉在膈面的分布,右冠状动脉占优势的占多数。对以前的文献加以分析、归纳之后,以为各研究者分型的标准及采用的方法不同,可能是结果不一致的原因。

1.200 hearts,with the coronary arteries injected with color mass,were used to study the origins of the coronary artery and the accessory coronary artery.Another 300 hearts from the pathological specimens and 30 casts of coronary arteries(with a total of 530)were used to study the distribution of the coronary arteries. 2.For the position of the orifices of the coronary arteries,it is found that:(1) In the longitudinal position,most of the orifices are situated within aortic sinuses,but the left orifice is usually a little higher than the right.(2)In the transverse position, the left orifice is usually situated nearby the midsinal line,while the right is usually somewhat rightward. 3.Accessory coronary artery,which is defined as any branch of coronary artery originates directly from the aorta,is present in 43.5% of the 200 hearts studied.All of them originate from the aortic sinus nearby the right coronary orifice.Almost half of them are distributed to the conus arteriosus and the neighboring anterior wall of right ventricle,the remaining half are distributed to the adipose tissue at the right side of the conus arteriosus and the root of pulmonary artery. 4.Among the 530 specimens observed,it is found that on the diaphragmatic sur- face,the right coronary artery is the predominate one.Type Ⅱ(39.4%)and type Ⅲ (37%)are common types of distribution of coronary arteries.