颈阔肌肌皮瓣的显微外科解剖

THE MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE PLATYSMA MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP

本文采用解剖方法和X线造影法观测了成人颈阔肌肌皮瓣的血管和神经。该肌皮瓣的动脉分别来自颏下动脉、甲状腺上动脉、颈横动脉以及面动脉、颈外动脉和颈浅动脉。静脉主要通过颏下静脉、颈横静脉、颈浅静脉和颈外静脉回流。支配颈阔肌的是面神经颈支,管理皮肤感觉的是颈横神经。

The arteries. veins and nerves of the platysma musculocutaneous flap were studied on 30 sides. The chief results are as follows:1. The arteries are chiefly derived from the submental. facial. superior thyroid. external carotid. transverse cervical and superficial cervical artery. (1) The cutaneous branches of submental and facial artery spread over the region corresponding with the submandibular and submental triangles. (2) The cutaneous branches of superior thyroid and external carotid artery spread ouer the region corresponding with the carotid and muscular triangles (3) The cutaneous branches of the transverse cervical and superfical cervical artery spread over the region corresponding with omoclavicular and occiptal triangles. The external calibers of all the cutaneous branches are larger than 1 mm the length are longer than 1.4 cm and all of the cutaneous branches form anatomose in the Platysma Musculocutaneous flap.2. The venous empties of the Platysma Musculocutaneous flap are through the tributaries of the Submental. transverse cervical. anterior jugular and external jugular veins.3. The Platysma is supplied by cervical branch of the facial nerve. The point of origin of the cervical branch is located postero-superiorly. postero-inferiorly or antero-inferiorly to the angle of the mandible. It runs downward and forward to the Platysma. The skin of the flap is supplied by the transverse cervical nerve of the cervical plexus.