氮肥形态和用量对藏东南地区烤烟产量和质量的影响

Effects of forms and application rate of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and qualities of tobacco in southeast Tibet.

在藏东南地区进行了氮肥用量和形态对烤烟产量与质量影响的田间试验 .结果表明 ,在施N量 0～ 15 0kg·hm-2 范围内 ,施N量与烘烤后烟叶产量、产值、氧化钾及总N含量呈显著或极显著正相关 ,与上中等烟比例、还原糖含量则呈显著负相关 ,糖 /碱比显著下降 .氮肥用量 75kg·hm-2 时 ,产量、质量最佳 .无机氮肥对烤烟产量与质量的效应极显著优于有机氮肥 .铵态氮、硝态氮、硝铵态氮肥处理间除上中等烟比例 ,其它各项指标仅略有差异 ,但均极显著优于酰胺态氮肥 .铵态氮对烤烟产量与质量的影响略优于硝态氮 ,主要在于烟株吸收和同化过程的差异 .

Field experiments in southeast Tibet were conducted to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer supply and its forms on tobacco. The result indicateds that the yield , production value , and the contents of nicotine , potassium oxide and total nitrogen of the cured leaves were positively correlated to the amount of N application, and significantly and negatively correlated to the percentage of superior-medium class leaves of tobacco and contents of deoxidize sugar. The highest yield and best quality of tobacco were obtained by applying 75kg N per hectare. Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer could significantly improve the yield and quality of tobacco, compared with organic nitrogenous fertilizer . Although there was no significant difference among ammonium N, nitrate N and nitrate-ammonium N application,the effects of ammoniun N,nitrate N,and nitrate-ammoniun N application were significantly higher than that of urea application.The effect of ammoniun N application on tobacco yield and quality was better than that of nitrate N application,and the important reason was the great difference in the process of absorption and assimilation of ammoniun N and nitrate N.