农村剩余劳动力转移的区域分流与产业分流

A study of the regional diffluence and industry diffluence of rural surplus labor

21世纪我国将继续面临来自大量的城市下岗职工与农村剩余劳动力的就业问题,特别是如何解决好来自农村并在城市中游离的弱势农民的就业问题更是引起各方面的关注。本文通过众多的数据分析了目前我国农村劳动力的供给现状与需求现状,认为目前我国农村劳动力供给量很大且有大量剩余,而需求由于农业资本加速、乡镇企业资本有机构成提高、增速减缓、布局分散、城市二、三产业需吸纳大量下岗职工等因素而不够强烈,因此我国就业形势在新的世纪仍很严峻。为缓解这一形势,笔者通过对比分析、数量分析、定性研究提出:农村剩余劳动力的转移应以向小城镇和第三产业转移为主渠道,适当控制流向大、中城市的农村人口数量,充分发挥产业聚集与小城镇聚集的规模经济效应,以小城镇为纽带在城市和农村大力发展第三产业,从而产生产业与城乡整合效应,同时解决农民的收入与就业问题。

In 21 century China will be faced with the employment problems of unemployed workers and rural surplus labor, especially to tickle the employment problem of isolated weakpeasants in large cities. The paper sizes up the supply and demand situation of Chinese labor and thinks that there is amazingly rural surplus labor at present and the demand for labor will become lower in that agriculture investment is accelerating,the capital organic constitution of township enterprise is improving,the growth rate of township enterprise is slow,the layout of township enterprise is disperse,and the demand of primary and secondary industry for absorbing unemployed workers is intense. To ease the grim situation, the paper puts forward by contrast analysis,quantity analysis and quality research that rural surplus labor transfer should attach importance to small cities or towns and the third industry , suitably control the excessive volume of flow to large cities, fully bring the scale economy of industry gathering and small cities or towns gathering into play and make urban and rural area tightly connect to tickle the problems of peasant income and employment by the conformity effect of urban cities and rural villages.