住户无偿服务生产时间分配差异及其影响因素研究——基于时间利用调查微观数据的经验分析

Research on Time Allocation Difference and Influencing Factors of Household Unpaid Service

住户无偿服务核算作为完善现有国民经济核算体系的重要组成部分,日益受到国内外学者的关注和研究。基于已有的研究成果,以SNA2008作为理论指导,从时间投入的视角,利用住户时间调查微观数据对住户无偿服务时间分配差异进行研究,并运用Tobit回归模型实证分析了影响住户无偿服务时间分配的性别、年龄、教育程度等因素。研究结果表明:性别因素影响显著,女性住户成员是家务劳动和照料小孩活动的主要承担者;住户成员的教育程度对其分配于照料小孩的时间具有明显的正向效应,受教育程度越高,住户成员照料小孩的时间越长。此外,本文还发现家庭中最小孩子的年龄越小,住户成员照料小孩的时间越长,且对女性的边际影响要明显高于男性。

Household unpaid service accounting is an important part to improve the present national accounting system. Based on SNA2008, this paper uses the household survey data to analyze the household unpaid service time allocation difference from the per-spective of time input, and empirically tests the effect of sex, age, education and other factors on time allocation with a Tobit model. The results show that the effect of sex is statistically significant and household female members are mainly responsible for housework and childcare activities. Education level of household member has a significant positive effect on time allocation in childcare. Household members with younger child always allocate more time in childcare activities, and the paper also finds that the marginal effect of younger child on female members is larger than on male members.