中国加工贸易政策:演变与反思

China's Policy on the Processing Trade: Evolution and Reflection

改革开放后,加工贸易发展呈现出总量持续上升而贸易占比先升后降的特点。将我国巨额贸易顺差简单归咎于加工贸易的迅速发展的观点有失偏颇,同时企图通过压制加工贸易发展来改善我国贸易收支的政策已被证明失效。参与国际分工、发展加工贸易是我国产业升级的通道之一。我国高技术产品主要以加工贸易方式出口,其出口随着加工贸易变化而变化,因此加工贸易的萎缩一定程度上阻碍了我国出口产品结构的升级。

The contention that China's huge trade surplus is due to the overly rapid development of the processing trade is a flawed analysis. The effort to restrain the processing trade to adjust China's trade balance has not provided the desired results.On the contrary, developing the processing trade and emphasizing specialization in a globalized market is one of the channels for China to upgrade its industry. China's hightech products are exported mainly by way of the processing trade. The nation's exports adjust in step with the adjustments in the processing trade. As a result, any decline in the processing trade hinders the upgrading of China's export sector.