住房改革背景分析

BACKGROUND ANALYSIS OF HOUSING REFORM

80年代市场取向的改革,打破了以前由政府左右国民收入和积累使用的一统天下,形成了一种新的经济流程:“居民收入份额扩大——消费需求的多样化与居民金融资产的积累——生产投资扩大与生产发展——国民收入的增长”,并把市场机制引入经济运行中并使之成为基础性的协调机制。这种新的趋势,与现存的旧体制成份发生剧烈的摩擦和冲突,造成了经济忽冷忽热的波动、生产积累的不稳定、结构出现新的扭曲、财政状况恶化,以及企业制度改革步履维艰,等等。深入的分析表明,所有这些问题,都与现有的住房制度存在着密不可分的联系。推进住房改革,可以优化居民金融资产结构,使生产积累稳定;可以使劳动成本真实化,从而使居民的消费选择更具理性,使宏观调控政策更为有效;可以减轻财政的压力,以拿出更多的资金支持改革和建设;还可以把企业改革推向深入,以建立起自主经营、自负盈亏的法人组织。显然,是改革的发展把住房改革在90年代初推到前台;也只有推进住房改革,才能使改革进一步深化,才能使市场机制的调节作用更为有效。

Following the reform in market orientation in the 80s which broke the united domain of the government in determining national income and use of accumulation, a new economic process has come into being: 'enlarging of the share of residents'lncome, diversification of consumption demands and accumulation of residents'financial assets, expansion of investment in production and development of production, growth of national income', with market mechanism was introduced to economic operations so as to make it function as the fundamental adjustment mechanism.As a result of the intensive conflict with the existing outdated systems, this new trend has caused economic fluctuations in two extremes, instability in production accumulation and new distcrtion in the structure; financial situation is deterioratig; and the reform in enterprise system is dragging on heavily, etc Intensive analyses show that all these problems are closely associated with the current housing system promotion of housing reform will enable residents to optimize composition of their financial assets so as to stabilize production accumulation; labour cost will be actualized so as to rationalize residents' consumption selection thus further facilitating effective implementation of the macro adjustment policies; pressure on the finance will be reduced so that more capital can be provided to back up the reform and construction; and enterprise reform will be furthered so that organizations of legal persons responsible for management and profits and losses can be established It is obvious that it is the development the reform that has pushed the housing reform to the fore in early 90s. Likewise, only by promoting housing reform, can the reform be furthered and the adjustment role of market mechanism be more effective,