基于三维激光扫描的古建筑变形监测与分析方法研究——以苏州轨道交通4号线沿线国保单位变形监测为例

Research on Deformation Monitoring and Analysis Method of Ancient Architecture Based on 3D Laser Scanning——Taking the Deformation Monitoring of State-level protection Units Along Suzhou Rail Transit Line 4 as an Example

三维激光扫描是一种逐渐发展并成熟起来的地面海量高精度点云快速获取技术。变形监测作为一项传统的测量工作,发展至今,需要越来越多新技术的融合,特别是对于历史古建筑的变形监测,在传统监测手段难以展开的情况下,三维激光扫描技术可以得到较好的应用。以苏州轨道交通4号线沿线国保单位变形监测项目中棂星门和沧浪亭两处石结构的三维激光扫描变形监测为研究实例,探讨了基于点云数据提取监测对象线状特征和面状特征进行变形分析的方法,并采用总体最小二乘平差方法对平差模型进行了改进,提高了变形分析的可靠性。

3D laser scanning is a rapidly developing and mature technology in obtaining mass high-precision point cloud of ground.As a traditional measurement work,deformation monitoring has developed to the present,need more and more new technologies to be integrated.Especially for the deformation monitoring of historical ancient architectures,3D laser scanning technology can be better applied when traditional monitoring methods are difficult to unfold.Taking the 3D laser scanning deformation monitoring of the two stone structures named Lingxingmen and Canglangting along the No.4 line of Suzhou Rail Transit as a research example,the method of deformation analysis based on linear or planar features extrated from point cloud data is discussed,and the adjustment model using total-least squares adjustment method is improved,in order to improve the reliability of the deformation analysis.