地权配置对城市化的制约及其变革之道

Land Right System Designing’s Influence on Chinese Urbanization and Its Reform

在城市化加速推进背景下,地权的配置亟待完善。就城市化的制度支撑层面而言,现行地权配置具有较强的人身依附性,客观上对农民市民化形成了阻碍;就城市生活方式的培育而言,现行地权配置不利于城市生活方式的建立;就作为城市的空间载体而言,现存地权配置难以提供合理空间。在当今土地法的完善过程中,应强化农村土地承包经营权的财产性功能,弱化其人身依附性特征;同时改进对农业用地转化为建设用地的法律调控方式,更加强调市场的自主性调节功能。由于当代中国法律体系已经基本建设完备,依赖传统的变法模式对地权配置进行突击性大修大改显然已不再可能,而必须转向以司法为主的渐进性变革方式,通过案例指导制度等路径,在基本土地制度框架之内,稳步推进符合城市化进程的地权配置。

Under the background of rapid urbanization,Chinese system design on land rights need to be improved.As far as institutional support of Chinese urbanization,the present land rights system expressed strong personal attachment and prevented peasants from becoming citizens.In the point of the lifestyle that a country should develop for urbanization,current land right institutional design is not favorable for formation of city lifestyle.As for spatial carrier of urbanization,Chinese land right system made it hard to provide urbanization with enough space.In the future reform,we should strengthen the property function of the land right system and lighten its personal attachment.Meanwhile,government should reform supervision on turning agricultural land into construction land and strengthen the market regulatory function.Since Chinese characteristic socialism legal system already basically formed,it is not suitable to change current land right system radically.Instead,government should reform related system gradually and use judicial measure such as case-guiding system to improve land right institutional design.