沟灌方式和施肥水平对甜糯玉米产量、土壤养分和酶活性的影响

Effects of Furrow Irrigation Mode and Fertilization Level on Fresh Yield of Sweet-waxy Maize,Nutrient Content and Enzymatic Activity in Soil

在补充灌溉条件下,通过田间试验,研究不同沟灌方式和施肥水平对甜糯玉米产量、土壤养分和酶活性的影响,以探讨广西地区甜糯玉米节水节肥模式,从而提高其水肥利用效率和保持土壤质量。试验设3种沟灌方式,即常规灌溉(CF),交替沟灌(AF)和固定沟灌(FF),和3种施肥水平,即低肥(F1,N 150kg/hm2和P2O575kg/hm2),中肥(F2,N 180kg/hm2和P2O590kg/hm2)和高肥(F3,N 210kg/hm2和P2O5105kg/hm2)。结果表明:与CF相比,AF处理在一定程度上增加玉米鲜产量、土壤速效养分含量,但是明显增加两个时期土壤脲酶活性,开花期转化酶活性以及F2时开花期和F3时成熟期过氧化氢酶活性;FF处理增加开花期土壤转化酶活性和F3时成熟期过氧化氢酶活性。与F1相比,AF时,F2和F3时玉米鲜产量略有增加,土壤脲酶和转化酶活性以及2个时期土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著增加;FF时,F2和F3比F1显著增加成熟期土壤转化酶和开花期脲酶活性。因此在本试验条件下,交替沟灌和中肥水平处理是较理想的水肥组合模式。

Under supplemental irrigation condition,the effects of different furrow methods and fertilization levels on fresh yield of sweet-waxy maize,soil nutrient content and enzyme activities were investigated to obtain the water and fertilizer saving mode for sweet-waxy maize in Guangxi region by using field experiment,so as to improve water-and fertilizer-use efficiency of sweet-waxy maize and maintain soil quality.The field experiment included three furrow irrigation methods,i.e.conventional furrow irrigation(CF),alternate furrow irrigation(AF)and fixed furrow irrigation(FF),and three fertilization levels,i.e.low fertilization(F1,N150kg/hm2 and P2O575kg/hm2),middle fertilization(F2,N 180kg/hm2 and P2O590kg/hm2)and high fertilization(F3,N 210kg/hm2 and P2O5105kg/hm2).The results show that compared to the CF treatment,AF treatment improved the fresh yield of sweet-waxy maize and available nutrient content in soil,but significantly increased soil urease activity at two growth stages,invertase activity at the flowering stage and catalase activity at the mature stage under F3.FF treatment increased soil invertase activity at the flowering stage and catalase activity at the mature stage under F3.Compared to F1,under AF condition,F2and F3slightly increased fresh yield of sweet-waxy maize and significantly increased the activities of urease and invertase in soil,and F3significantly increased soil catalase activity at the mature stage.Under FF condition,F2and F3significantly increased soil invertase activity at the mature stage and urease activity at the flowering stage.Therefore,the treatment of alternate furrow irrigation and middle fertilization level is an ideal mode of water and fertilizer combination in this study.