基于车联网的交通管控机制设计与验证

Traffic Control Mechanism Design and Verification Based on VANET

近年来,汽车工业飞速发展,汽车保有量不断提高。但与此同时,其引发的道路交通拥堵问题也影响着越来越多的人。为了缓解道路交通拥堵、提高车辆出行效率,提出了一套基于车联网的交通管控机制。首先,结合固定时长轮转法和车流量响应控制法两种现有的主流交通灯控制法的思想,提出半实时的交通灯控制方法。该方法中,交通灯控制器根据预测出的车流量信息,得到本路口的最优交通灯相位策略,将本路口所有车辆的等待时间最小化。其次,为了提高个体用户的出行效率,提出启发式的动态路径规划算法,该算法在Dijkstra算法的基础上,采用启发式的方法计算路段的权重,以此规划最优路径,使得车辆可以尽可能避开拥堵路段。为了验证提出的交通管控机制的性能,通过交通流量模拟器SUMO和网络模拟器NS3进行模拟实验。模拟实验结果表明,提出的基于车联网的交通管控机制能够有效地降低车辆的等待时间、缓解交通拥堵情况,从而改善整个道路网络的交通状况。

In recent years,worldwide rapid development in automobile industries and growing rate of vehicle ownership have been witnessed.Consequently,the thorny issue of traffic congestion has bothered more and more people.To alleviate traffic jams as well as enhance traffic efficiency,this paper proposed a traffic control mechanism based on VANET.At first,we proposed a cooperative traffic light control mechanism for multiple intersections based on semi-realtime processing by combining the concepts of fixed-time control and traffic-response control.In our mechanism,the traffic light controller will use trajectory prediction method to predict the traffic situation of the next period,and then make the optimal decision of traffic light phase setting for the next period according to the prediction result.The aim of our mechanism is to minimize the waiting time of all the vehicles.This paper also proposed a heuristic algorithm for dynamic route planning to enhance individual's travel efficiency in traffic system.On the basis of Dijkstra algorithm,we adopted a heuristic method to calculate the weight of each road.Vehicles can avoid traffic jam as much as possible by adopting this algorithm.To verify the performance of our proposed VANET traffic control mechanism,we ran simulation experiments by combining SUMO with NS3.The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed traffic control mechanism is both effective and practical.It is able to reduce traffic load and average waiting time of vehicles,as well as release traffic jams and divert jammed vehicles,thus can improve road traffic situation of the whole transportation system.