基于簇的能量均衡无线传感器网络时间同步算法

Cluster-based and energy-balanced time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks

针对现有时间同步算法应用于多跳无线传感器网络时存在的误差累计和能耗不均衡问题,提出一种基于簇的能量均衡时间同步算法。该算法基于簇状分层的网络拓扑,簇首之间采用双向监听机制代替双向交换机制,以减小通信开销和发送时延带来的同步误差;簇成员节点利用双向交换和单向广播相结合的机制与簇首同步,并通过最优剩余能量选取回应节点,均衡簇内节点能耗。对提出的新方法和传统的同步算法在精度和能耗方面进行理论分析和仿真验证,结果表明,该算法在保证较高同步精度的前提下可以减小通信开销,均衡网内节点能量消耗,延长网络生命周期。

To solve the problems of synchronization error accumulation and unbalanced energy consumption in multi-hop wireless sensor networks, a cluster-based and energy-balanced time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks was proposed. Based on hierarchical clustering topology, cluster heads in adjacent layers adopted pairwise broadcast mechanism instead of bidirectional pair-wire synchronization mechanism to reduce communication overhead and the synchronization error of transmission delay. Cluster members synchronized the cluster head using the combination of bidirectional pair-wise synchronization and reference broadcast synchronization. In addition, the response node was selected according to residual energy to balance energy consumption of cluster nodes. The performance of synchronization precision and energy consumption of the proposed algorithm and traditional algorithm were analyzed by theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that the new algorithm not only ensures high synchronization accuracy, but also reduces communication overhead and balances network node energy consumption to lengthen the cycle life of the network.