南水北调中线水源地商洛尾矿库安全风险评价

Tailing Pond Safety Risk Assessment of Shangluo Water Source Regions in the Middle Route of South-to-north Water Diversion

商洛是南水北调中线水源地尾矿库数量最多的地区,以小型库居多,这类尾矿库基础条件薄弱,生产设备老化。在生产过程中,为提高矿物纯度和精度,会加入大量的浮选剂等化学药剂和其他高危害性物质,这些物质会掺杂在尾矿水、矿渣中,通过渗流、扬尘等形式扩散到周围土壤、大气、河流及地下水体中,严重威胁水源区生态安全。通过总结水源区主要矿种及其危害,分别从尾矿库对水环境、土壤环境、大气环境、生态植被这4个方面的影响进行系统分析,确定出尾矿库对上述方面产生破坏的风险。采用作业条件危险性评价方法(LEC法),对水源区尾矿库建立了风险评价标准;根据计分结果的不同,确定风险等级为一至五等不同等别;根据尾矿库所属风险等级,制定了不同应对措施,提高水源地尾矿库安全管理水平,保障水源区生态安全。

Shangluo owns the largest number of tailing ponds in water source regions in the middle route of south-to-north water diversion,and the majority of tailing ponds are in small size.This kind of tailings pond have a weak foundation condition,and aging production equipment.In the production process,in order to improve the purity and precision of minerals,a great deal of chemicals like flotation agent and other highly hazardous substances are added by the enterprises. These substances will be doped in the tailings water and slag,and then diffused into the surrounding soil,air,rivers and underground water through seepage and dust,which seriously threatens the ecological safety of the water area.By summarizing some of the major minerals and their harms in water area,the effects of the tailings on four aspects of the water environment,soil environment,atmospheric environment and ecological vegetation are systematically analyzed.The risk of damage to the above aspects of the tailings pond is determined.The operation condition risk assessment named LEC is adopted to establish the rick assessment standard for the tailing ponds in water area.According to the different scoring results,the risk levels are classified into level one to five.Based on this,different measures are proposed to improve safety management level of tailings pond in water area and ensure ecological safety of water source.