基于江苏省森林资源普查成果的生态效益评价与分析

Ecological benefit evaluation and analysis based on forest census in Jiangsu Province

根据江苏省最近的森林资源普查数据,提取各级各类树种、林种、面积和蓄积等相关因子,结合当前国内外生态效益评价有关研究成果,从森林碳汇、涵养水源、保育土壤、净化环境、森林防护、森林游憩和生物多样性等7个方面,对江苏森林资源生态效益进行了评价分析。结果表明:(1)江苏森林资源取得了显著增长,但是与其他省相比,江苏森林资源总量仍较少,全省人均森林面积0. 02 hm2,人均森林蓄积1. 091 m3,远低于全国人均水平,森林产生的生态效益与社会经济发展对林业的生态需求相差较大。(2)森林碳汇有较大提升潜力。江苏作为平原人工造林地区,随着可造林绿化土地资源的减少,全省森林蓄积量的提高将主要依靠森林质量的提升。目前,全省乔木林单位面积蓄积量为61. 27 m3/hm2,与全国平均和发达国家相比仍有较大差距,林地生产力和生态质量的提高都有较大潜力。(3)生态补偿机制较为单一。从森林生态效益评价结果来看,全省生态公益林补偿标准与森林资源发挥的巨大生态效益和生态价值相比,仍相差甚远,江苏尚未真正建立依靠政府、社会、市场等多元化筹资机制所应形成的生态效益补偿基金,当前的补偿标准难以适应全省生态公益林保护与管护的现实需要。

Based on the latest forest resource census data in Jiangsu Province,some relevant factors were applied such as tree species,kinds of forest,area and accumulation at all levels.Combining with the research achievements of ecological benefit evaluation at home and abroad,we evaluated and analyzed the ecological benefits of forest resources in Jiangsu from seven aspects:forest carbon sink,water conservation,soil conservation,environmental purification,forest protection,forest recreation and biodiversity.The results showed that(1)By now,the forest resources have increased significantly in Jiangsu Province,yet with total amount smaller than other provinces.The per capita forest area of Jiangsu Province was0.02 hm2,with 1.091 m3 of the per capita forest stock,far below the national level.There was a wide gap between the ecological benefit of forests and the ecological needs of social and economic development.(2)Forest carbon sinks had great potential for improvement.For Jiangsu,a plain area of artificial afforestation,with its decrease of afforestation land,forest stock in the whole province will mainly depend on the improvement of forest quality.At present,arbor forests in the province was 61.27 m3/hm2,still far behind the whole country and developed countries,showing great potential in forest productivity and ecological quality.(3)The ecological compensation mechanism is relatively single.According to the forest ecological benefit evaluation,the compensation standard of ecological public welfare forest in Jiangsu Province is not parallel with the enormous ecological benefit and value of forest resources.This province has not really established a compensation fund for ecological benefits,which relies on the government,society,market and other diversified financing mechanisms.The current compensation standard is difficult to meet the actual needs of ecological forest protection and management of ecological public welfare forests in Jiangsu Province.