民国陕西省妇婴卫生建设刍议(1934—1949)

Maternal and Children's Healthcare of Shaanxi Province: 1934 -1949

南京国民政府成立伊始,在全国兴建公共卫生以及本省旱灾、疾疫接连打击的大背景下,陕西省政府始开展卫生防疫事务,并着手妇婴卫生建设。为了保卫妇幼健康,减少妇婴死亡,陕西省通过开办助产学校、培育新法接生助产士、改造旧式产婆、口头与书面宣传等多种方式来推广妇婴卫生。本文结合民国档案、报纸杂志与调查报告,重点考察了1934年至1949年间陕西省妇婴卫生建设的具体措施,并试图从新法接生的施行状况、助产职业的发展与产妇社会形象的变化来看本省妇婴卫生建设的成效及影响。

At the beginning of Nanjing National Government period,Shaanxi province had been severely afflicted by droughts and cholera,so the whole country was in urgent need of improving public health.In this context,Shaanxi provincial government began to focus on public hygiene and epidemic prevention,embarking on the project of improving the level of hygiene and health for women and children.In order to guarantee women and children's health and to lower their mortality rate,Shaanxi had adopted a variety of methods for popularizing maternal and children's hygiene,including training new style midwives,training old style midwives,and spreading information through oral and written media.Drawing on contemporary archives,newspapers,magazines and reports,this research examines how Shaanxi province implemented maternal and children's health measures from 1934 to 1949,and attempts to assess its achievements and significance on the basis of the programs that introduced new style midwifery,regulated midwifery profession,and changed women's social image.