国家缺位的防疫——1958—1964年河北伤寒疫情的政府应对

The Misplaced Epidemic Prevention: Government Response towardTyphoid Fever Outbreak in the Year 1958-1964 in the PRC

在“大跃进”运动中,全国多个省市暴发伤寒疫情,河北是华北地区发病最严重的一个省份。虽然省内各级政府采取多项措施,但并未能使疫情得到有效控制。究其原因,一是因为“大跃进”运动期间过分强调生产,“抓了工作,忘了生活”,而随后的大饥荒又使疫情加重;二是调整时期大量社队医务人员被精减下放,防疫措施难以落实。人民的健康是进行一切生活、生产活动的基础,而疫病防治是保障人民健康的前提;保证每一个公民的健康,应该是决策者的首要目标。大量多发病、流行病和传染病必须由国家来防范,不仅在社会变迁或转型时期尤为重要,更是推进“健康中国”建设的必由之路。

During the Great Leap Forward movement,typhoid fever broke out in many provinces of China,with Hebei Province being the one that suffered most severely compared to other regions in North China.Although measures were taken by governments at all levels in Hebei Province,the epidemic was not effectively controlled.The reasons are as follows:firstly,agricultural production was overly promoted during the Great Leap Forward—“Only work,No life,”—and the subsequent Great Famine intensified the epidemic;secondly,the majority of community medical staff were relocated during the Adjustment Period,thus anti-epidemic measures could not be implemented.However,the state of human health is the basis of all social life and agricultural production,and epidemic prevention is the prerequisite for protecting people’s health.The first goal for policy makers should be ensuring the healthiness of the citizens.It is the government’s responsibility to prevent frequently occurring diseases,epidemic diseases and infectious diseases.This understanding is not only important for periods of social transition and transformation,but also for achieving a“Healthy China”.