拯救城市的未来:进步运动时期纽约市儿童卫生改革

Saving the Future of Cities: The Reform of Children’s Health Conditions in New York City during the Progressive Era

19世纪转型中的美国社会遭遇严峻健康危机。新移民潮的到来造成城市人口密度增加,引发公共卫生危机,纽约市儿童健康形势急剧恶化。内战前后,'数据'工具在美国公共卫生领域得到有效应用,儿童群体的高死亡率开始引起纽约各界广泛重视。儿童健康问题成为社会性问题。进步运动期间,以细菌理论为指导,纽约市政府通过'上门护士''小妈妈联盟'等项目大力普及儿童卫生知识,树立了细菌理论在儿童卫生领域的权威性,从而为城市政府在儿童健康领域的权力延伸构建合法性基础。此后,通过设立奶站、改善学校卫生等措施,成功实现了对儿童群体的健康管控。

The American society undergoing major transformation in 19 thCentury faced severe public health crises.The waves of immigrants increased the density of urban population,triggering crises in public health and causing the health of children in New York city to deteriorate.Around the time of the civil war,'data'tools had been effectively utilized in the areas of public health,as a result,the state of children’s health became an issue of concern for society.During the progressive era,using the understanding of bacteria as a guide,the city government of New York promoted basic public health knowledge through programs like'home-visiting nurses','league of little moms,'in order to establish the authority of bacteria theory in the area of children’s health,therefore setting the legitimate foundation for the government to extend its power in the area of children’s health.Afterwards,through creating milk stations and also improving hygienic standards at schools,the city successfully gained oversight over the health of children as a group.