埃萨吉尔—金—阿普里与古代两河流域的医学传统

Esagil-kin-apli and the Ancient Mesopotamian Medical Tradition

古代两河流域文明是人类历史上最早的文明之一,其留下不计其数的医学文献,不仅对后来的西方古典医学有重要影响,而且其许多内涵与外延至今仍然具有重要的参考价值。其中,巴比伦人埃萨吉尔—金—阿普里汇编的《诊断手册》(又名'萨基库'),将两河流域的医术与巫术'合二为一',建立了古代两河流域医学诊断与治疗的'二元'体系。

The ancient Mesopotamian civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in the history of mankind.A large number of medical texts written by Sumerian or Akkadian cuneiform were unearthed from hundreds of sites in modern Iraq,Syria,Turkey and Iran.The ancient Mesopotamian medicine tradition with its roots in Sumer and Akkad and developed by Assyrians and Babylonians survived until at least the first and possibly as late as the third century AD,and had a major impact on classical medicine.The Babylonian scholar Esagil-kin-apli,who lived in the eleventh century BC,redacted the well-known series Diagnostic Handbook(also Sakkikūin Akkadian)in the way of re-ordering the entries and structure and combining the'medical'(■)with the'magic'(■)which was the two-valued diagnostic and therapeutic system.