从易患病矿工到风险计算:1945年以来西德煤矿开采中矽肺病成因和预防观念转变研究

From Predisposed Miners to Calculated Hazards: An Explorative Approach to Changing Notions of the Cause of Silicosis and Its Prevention in West German Coal Mining post-1945

本文首先要对战后时期西德煤炭开采业补偿和预防矽肺病的体制结构进行论述,当时病情极为普遍。其次,本文将从知识史角度探讨'黑肺病'历史,重点关注从20世纪40年代到60年代矽肺病知识的产生和分布以及从根本上了解一些人如何和为什么感染肺病而其他人没有的认知变化。在这种情况下,将从我正在进行的矽肺病历史研究中提出一些方法论问题并探索经验实例。本文认为,对知识的理解在最近的史学研究中已开始流行,它为考察和解释知识范式的历史变化提供了新的探索法。结论将针对受'黑肺病'影响的矿工及其社区的文化和社会意义的研究进行展望,这是我正在进行的研究项目的第二条轴线。

This paper shall at first give some insights into the institutional structures of compensating and preventing silicosis in the West German coal mining industry in the post-war era when the condition became most prevalent.Secondly,this paper will explore the history of'black lung disease'from a history of knowledge point of view and focus on the production and distribution of silicosis knowledge in West Germany from the 1940 s to the 1960 s as well as the epistemic changes in the fundamental understanding of how and why some people contracted the lung condition and others didn’t.In doing so,it will raise some methodological questions and probe empirical examples from my ongoing research on the history of silicosis.The paper argues that understanding knowledge as a practice as it has become popular in the more recent historiography offers new heuristics to examine and explain historical change in knowledge paradigms.It will conclude with an outlook on studying the cultural and social meaning of'black lung'for the affected miners and their communities,which presents the second axis of my ongoing research project.