薏苡植株不同粒位籽粒品质性状的差异

Comparison of grain quality traits at different parts of Coix lacnyma-jobi plants

为探讨薏苡植株不同粒位籽粒品质性状差异,以江苏薏苡居群和安徽薏苡居群为材料,分析其产量构成及其上部、下部籽粒品质性状差异。结果表明,安徽薏苡居群在江苏地区表现出较高产量(2 988.0 kg/hm^2),比江苏薏苡居群高199.5 kg/hm^2。碾磨品质方面,2个薏苡居群均表现为植株下部千粒质量和出仁率显著高于上部。外观品质表现为下部籽粒相较于上部籽粒更短圆,在加工品质方面,安徽薏苡居群下部薏苡仁中总淀粉含量与上部差异不显著,但其直链淀粉含量较低,仅为3.2%。在营养品质方面,安徽薏苡居群下部籽粒中清蛋白和球蛋白总含量(0.49%)高于上部籽粒(0.42%);江苏薏苡居群则表现为下部籽粒(0.40%)低于上部(0.43%)。安徽薏苡居群品质总体而言优于江苏薏苡居群。因此,在江苏地区,安徽薏苡居群产量较高,籽粒外观品质、加工品质较好,且在上下部粒位间品质差异较小,可在生产上应用推广。

This study was conducted to analyze the differences in quality traits at upper and lower parts of Coix lacnyma-jobi using the populations from Jiangsu province and Anhui province as materials.The kernel yield of Anhui coix population was up to 2 988.0 kg/hm2,199.5 kg/hm^2 higher than that of Jiangsu population.The 1 000-kernel weight and kernel percent of two populations at lower part were significantly higher than those at upper part.Lower part kernels were shorter and rounder than upper ones.In the aspect of processing quality,the total starch content in the lower kernel of Anhui populations did not show significant difference from that of upper kernel,but amylose content was lower,only 3.2%.In the aspect of nutrition quality,the total contents of albumin and globulin in the lower kernel (0.49%) of Anhui population were greater than those in the upper kernel (0.42%),and the picture was the reverse in Jiangsu population.In conclusion,Anhui coix population is more favorable for planting for its higher yield,better appearance and processing qualities,and smaller difference between upper and lower parts.