清中叶山西村社生活与管理——以嘉庆朝刑科题本为基本资料

Village Commune Management and Life in Shanxi Area during Middle Period of Qing Dynasty——Based on Penal Memorials to the Throne in Jiaqing Era

《清嘉庆朝刑科题本社会史料辑刊》所载的山西档案资料,证明村社既有居民自定的俗例,也有官府要求设立的职役,村社居民的生活受所在地官役、乡约、乡地,以及里甲、保甲的督管。但村社事务的管理没有统一的建制,各府情况不同,基层组织呈多样化,只有县一级组织形式是相对比较统一的,成了清代山西基层组织形态的特色。村社建有社庙,社庙有祈雨、演戏等公共生活,村社还管理水利的使用。

Archives about Shanxi area contained in Penal Memorials to the Throne in Jiaqing Era have proved that in the village commune there were customary rules made by villagers themselves and also corvee set up by authorities. So the villagers' life was supervised by corvee responsible for local affairs such as Convention, Xiang-di, Li-jia, and Bao-jia. Grass-roots organization was diverse in prefecture level. But in county level organizational form was unitary. These formed a characteristic shape of grass-roots organizations in the Qing Dynasty in Shanxi. Village commune constructed she temple to pray for rain and acting and so on. In addition Village commune managed the use of water resources.