德国威廉二世时期的世界政策及实施后果

World Policy and Its Implementing Consequences in the Period of William Ⅱ in Germany

威廉二世继位后德意志帝国抛弃了俾斯麦时期的大陆政策,转而实施世界政策。政策的转变既源于工业化对外部原料和国际市场的需求,也迎合了国内的极端民族主义思潮。为谋求世界霸权,德国不断扩建海军,在世界范围内争夺殖民地。在外交上,德国与俄拉开距离,促成了俄法结盟;试图与英接近但争夺非洲的矛盾又不可化解。与英国展开海军军备竞赛,最终促使英国站到法俄一边。德国的世界政策只是造就了世界强国的形象,但并没有获得更大的经济利益,反而其成为英法俄的共同对手。

After William Ⅱ’s succession, the German Empire abandoned the continental policy of Bismarck and turned to the world policy. The change of policy originated from the demand of industrialization for external raw materials and international market, and also catered to the trend of ultra-nationalism at home. In order to seek world hegemony, Germany continued to expand its navy and compete for colonies all over the world. In diplomacy, the distance between Germany and Russia led to the alliance between Russia and France. Germany tried to approach Britain, but the contradiction of competing for Africa between the two countries could not be resolved. A naval arms race with Britain eventually pushed Britain to the side of France and Russia. Germany’s world policy did not gain greater economic benefits, except for creating the image of a world power, and making itself became the common opponent of Britain, France and Russia.