轻型客车车内振动传递路径的试验与仿真研究

Research on Test and Simulation of Vibration Transfer Path in Light Bus

应用传递路径分析方法,对某国产轻型客车驾驶员座椅的振动进行分析与优化。首先,建立15输入1输出的振动传递路径模型,通过整车道路试验获取工况数据,并通过室内锤击试验获取传递函数;其次,对每条传递路径进行贡献量分析,得到每条传递路径对响应点的贡献量;然后,建立整车刚柔耦合动力学模型对座椅的振动水平进行仿真分析,与试验结果具有很好的一致性,并且通过二次回归组合试验建立响应点振动水平与优化变量之间的数学关系;最后,建立一个考虑驾驶员座椅振动水平和动力总成悬置系统解耦率的综合目标函数,利用遗传算法优化得到每条传递路径刚度最优解,并对动力总成悬置解耦率与驾驶员座椅振动水平改进效果进行验证,结果表明:悬置系统解耦率有很大程度提高并且各个车速下驾驶员座椅振动水平均有较大程度的降低。

The vibration level of the driver seat of a domestic light bus is optimized by means of transfer path analysis method.Firstly,the vibration transfer path model of 15 inputs and 1 output is established. The working condition data is obtained through the vehicle road test,and the transfer function is obtained through the indoor hammer test. Secondly,the contribution of each transfer path to the response point is obtained. Then,the vibration level of the seat is simulated by the rigid-flexible coupling model of the whole bus,which is consistent with the experimental results,and the mathematical relationship between the vibration level of response point and the variable is established through the quadratic regression combination test.Finally,the integrated objective function of the vibration level and the decoupling rate of the engine mount system is established. The optimum solution of stiffness of each transfer path is obtained by genetic algorithm,and the improved effect of the engine mount system decoupling ratio and driver’s seat vibration level are verified. The results indicate that the decoupling rate of the engine mount system is greatly improved and the vibration level of the driver’s seat at each speed is greatly reduced.