笼养东北虎行为的时间分配

Time Budget of Behavior of Amur Tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica) in Captivity

1998年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法对哈尔滨动物园的 4只笼养东北虎的活动规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,笼养东北虎在全年的昼夜行为时间分配表现为睡眠所占比值最多 ;其次是卧息和活动 ;摄食和其它行为 (包括饮水、排尿、排粪、修饰、嗅闻、嬉戏、站立、直立、发声等 )最少。在不同季节笼养东北虎的活动变化规律基本相似 ,一昼夜的睡眠、运动和卧息均有两个高峰期 ,但高峰期出现和持续的时间有所差异。睡眠的高峰期在 10 :0 0～ 14:0 0和 2 0 :0 0至次日 0 6 :0 0 ,活动的高峰期在 0 5 :0 0～ 10 :0 0和14:0 0～ 17:0 0 ,卧息的高峰期在 0 5 :0 0～ 10 :0 0和 13 :0 0～ 2 0 :0 0 ,摄食仅在 16 :0 0～ 2 0 :0 0有一个高峰期。冬季 (12～ 2月 )与春 (3～ 5月 )、夏 (6～ 8月 )、秋季 (9～ 11月 )相比 ,东北虎在白昼睡眠的时间显著减少 ,夜晚则显著增多。

The activity rhythms of four captive Amue tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) were observed in Harbin Zoo between April 1998 and March 2001.The behavioral ethogram was identified by all-occurrence sampling in the preliminary observation from March to April in 1998.Based on the preliminary observation,the behaviors of Amur tiger were recorded at 5 minute interval using instantaneous scanning sampling method from April 1998 to March 2001.The results indicated that sleeping,resting,moving,eating,and other activites had 53.13%,22.05%,19.57%, 2.27%,and 2.98% respectively in the 24 h time budget for the captive Amur tigers during the study preiod.Drinking,eliminating,grooming,sniffing,playing and standing were considered as other activities in this study. The patterns of activity rhythms of captive Amur tigers did not show any seasonal difference. Two activity peaks were revealed in sleeping,moving,and resting during 24 h cycles with differences in onset time and duration. The peaks of sleeping were recorded at 10:00-14:00 and 20:00-06:00;moving at 05:00-10:00 and 14:00-17:00; andresting at 05:00-10:00 and 13:00-20:00.Only one peak of eating was found at 16:00-20:00. The duration of sleeping of Amur tigers in winter (December to February) was significantly increased during night time and was significantly decreased during the daytime comparing with other three seasons.