中国城市公共交通运营财税可持续框架体系研究

Framework and Architecture of Sustainable Financing for Urban Public Transport in China

在国家"公交优先"发展战略背景下,系统分析了中国大部分城市所采取的公交执行票价远低于成本票价的低票价政策,指出这种政策使得公交票价的制定与成本脱钩且长期不变,导致城市公交企业运营成本急剧攀升、企业经营难以为继、城市公共财政补贴不可持续、低票价对于客流吸引力逐渐减弱等一系列问题,进而引发公共交通服务质量难以有效提升。为构建可持续的城市公共交通运营财税机制,从城市公共交通三个利益主体即乘客、企业、政府对于公共交通的相关诉求出发,系统性研究了公共交通服务质量、成本、票价、财政补贴间的相互关系,在此基础上研究构建了以服务质量为导向的成本、补贴、票价联动的框架体系,以便为我国城市公共交通运营财税的可持续发展提供支持。

Under the background of the transit priority development strategy of China, the finance sus?tainable development problems of urban public transportation which caused by the long time low-fare policy were analyzed systematically. These problems include that the operation costs of the public transport company increased greatly as the quick growth of the salary and energy price, led to more se?rious losses, unsustainable urban public transport subsidies from government, the attractiveness of low-fare policy for passenger diminishing and so on, which making it more difficult to improve the quality of service effectively. To promote the building of a sustainable financing mechanism of urban public trans?port, the relationship between the service quality, costs, fares and financial subsidies were studied sys?tematically, starting from the demand of three main benefits of urban public transport, which include passengers, operation companies and government, and a service-oriented financing mechanism and ar?chitecture which build up the relationship with the operation costs, subsidies, price and the service qual?ity was pointed out, so as to support for the financing sustainable development of urban public transport in China.