基于三维视角的危险品运输风险管理机制研究

Management Mechanism of Transport Risk for Hazardous Materials Based on Three-Dimensional Viewpoints

优化危险品运输风险管理机制,能够降低运输风险,同时兼顾企业成本需求,为政府决策提供参考。通过对我国近些年发生的诸多危险品运输事故进行调查研究,分析了危险品运输应急预案和风险应对方面存在的薄弱问题,同时基于系统论的研究方法,构建了三维分析视角的风险分析逻辑架构。基于风险管理的主体、客体及过程三个维度,通过对危险品运输风险因素的全面分析,进行运输风险的危害性分析以及风险事件与诱因之间的关联性评估,最后提出风险危害削减和控制的应对措施:建立全方位的监管责任制度,确保"有人管理";健全全面的风险信息反馈机制,确保"管理全面";通过路径优化和HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point,危害分析的临界控制点)控制方法,从源头开始,实现危险品运输"全程可控"。研究指出:三维视角下的风险识别、风险评估和风险应对构成一个相互联系、相互作用的系统,形成全面的风险管理机制。

The optimization of risk management mechanism of hazardous materials transportation can reduce the transportation risk and meanwhile take into account the cost of enterprise, which provides ref?erences for the government decision.By investigating lots of traffic accidents of transportation for hazard?ous materials in recent years, the problems in emergency plan and risk response were analyzed. Based on systematic research method, the logical framework on risk analysis of the three-dimensional perspec?tive was built. According to the subject, object and process of risk management, some risk factors of haz?ardous materials transportation were comprehensively analyzed. Then, hazard analysis on transportation risk was put forward and relevance between risk events and its causes was evaluated. Finally, measures on reduction and controlling of risks were proposed. All-around responsibility system was established to ensure hazardous materials transportation is overseen and supervised;Comprehensive information feed?back mechanism was improved to ensure overall management;Whole process control of hazardous mate?rials transportation was achieved from the source by routing optimization and Hazard Analysis and Criti?cal Control Point (HACCP). The study showed that risk identification, risk assessment and risk responsefrom the three-dimensional perspective is an interrelated and interacted system and a comprehensive risk management mechanism.