船舶机械设备的可靠性维修性与有效性及其评价指标

Reliability, Maintainability and Availability of Ship's Machinery and Their Assessment Characteristics

各种机械设备的可靠性、维修性与有效性,实质上都是这类可修系统在同一随机过程中不同阶段所处状态的反映。因此,本文首先应用马尔可夫过程来描述一种单部件系统在其正常工作与失效两状态之间在时间上及数量上的转变规律及其概率特性,以阐明可靠性、维修性与有效性这三者之间的内在联系。然后以失效及维修时间均为指数分布为例,推导出各阶段相应的各项可靠性指标的计算公式,并对不同的船舶机械设备,根据不同的使用要求提出了各自的主要评价指标。

The reliability, maintainability and availability (RAM) of any kind of machinery are in effect various expressions of this repairable system in different stages of the same stochastic process. Therefore this paper describes by using Markov process the time-dependent and quantitative transition laws and their probability characteristics of a single unit system during the intervals of the normal operating state and the failure state, so as to expound the internal relationship among realiabiliy, maintainability and availability. Then this paper takes failure time and maintenance time as exponent distribution for example, and derives the calculation methods of corresponding RAM characteristics in different stages. This paper also gives the main assessment characteristics of different kinds of ship's machinery according to their operation requirements.