香栓菌的驯化栽培及生物学发育特征

Cultivation and biological characteristics of Trametes suaveolens

为了筛选香栓菌Trametes suaveolens的最佳出菇配方,同时对子实体不同生长阶段的生物学发育特征进行研究。本文用杨树、柳树、秸秆木屑作为培养料设置了8种配比,每种分为对照A、测试组B共计16个配方进行筛选,对不同时期的菌丝发育状况进行显微观察。结果柳树木屑、杨树木屑的配方均能成功栽培出香栓菌子实体,开袋后在90%–95%空气湿度、一定散射光、13–18℃的低温刺激下28d原基发育为菇蕾,继续培养28d后子实体成熟。其中配料为柳树木屑97%、蔗糖1%、石灰1%、石膏1%、含水量65%左右的配方出菇率最高,配料为柳树木屑的配方开袋后子实体长势最佳,采用边缘开袋方式最佳。子实体发育过程中,先分化出白色蜂窝状原基,原基依靠孔状结构吸收营养后,在其上层包被形成黑色菇蕾,同时基部开始形成子实层;菇蕾内部生殖菌丝不断分化和发育,体积逐渐膨大,颜色由深变浅,菌丝分化出担子并产生担孢子,最终形成子实体。

The best cultivated formula of Trametes suaveolens was screened, and biological characteristics of different growth stages of the fruiting bodies were studied. Eight kinds of sawdust mixing ratios were selected using poplar and willow wood, and straw as material. Eight formulas were screened. Control group(A) and tested group(B) were set up for each formula. Each development stage of fruiting bodies was observed microscopically. The results indicated that Trametes suaveolens can successfully produce fruiting body on the media of willow and poplar wood sawdust. It took 28 days to form plumelet and 32 days to form matured fruiting bodies under the temperature of 13–18°C, humidity of 90%–95% and illumination of astigmatism. The ingredient for highest fruiting was willow sawdust 97%, sucrose 1%, lime 1% and gypsum 1%, and maintenance of moisture content of 65%. During development of fruiting body, the white honeycomb-like primordium was first differentiated. Primordium depended on the pore structure to absorb nutrients, and then the upper layer of primedium cuticle differentiated to black plumelet, and the hymenium formed from the base of honeycomb structure. The internal generative hyphae of plumelet were constantly growing and finally young fruiting body formed with color changed from deep to light. The hyphae differentiated into basidia and basidiospores, and finally fruiting body formed.