仿鸟扑翼的功率消耗研究

Study on Power Consumption of Bird-like Flexible Flapping Wing

为了提高仿鸟扑翼飞机的能量利用率,找到其最佳能量消耗参数,在风洞中对不同来流速度下模型的扭矩与功率消耗两个重要物理量进行了测量,找出功率消耗随风速的变化关系。实验使用了一个曲柄连杆扑翼模型。模型的扑翼采用平面结构布局,并且具有一定柔性。实验分别测试模型在不同风速下扑翼扑动的需用扭矩和功率,结果显示在风速2~16 m/s之间,模型的扑动扭矩和功率随风速的增加都逐渐减小,其中需用扭矩最大减小量约为30%。这一发现可以降低扑翼机对发动机推重比的要求,也可以降低对扑翼材料的力学要求。这在一定程度上解释了鸟类迁徙节能的原因,也对扑翼飞机的发展具有一定促进作用。

To improve the energy utilization rate of the aircraft with bird-like flapping wings,and find its optimal energy consumption parameters,the two important physical indicators of torque and power consumption of the model were measured at different inflow velocities in the wind tunnel,finding the relation between the power consumption and the change of the wind speed. A crank-link flapping wing model was used in the experiment. The flapping wing of the model is planar and has a certain flexibility. The tests were carried out respectively to determine the torque and power required for flapping of the flapping wing at different wind speeds. The results showed that the torque and power required for flapping of the model decreased with the increase of the wind speed when the wind speed range is within 2 to 16 m/s,of which the maximum reduction in torque was about 30%. This discovery not only can reduce the requirement on the thrust-weight ratio of engine by an ornithopter,but also can reduce the mechanical requirement on the material of the flapping wing. This explains to some extent the reasons for the energy efficiency of the migration of birds,and has a certain role in promoting the development of aircraft with flapping wings.