振动能量收集技术的研究现状与展望

Retrospectives and Perspectives of Vibration Energy Harvest Technologies

气候变暖、海平面上升、冰川消融等自然环境变化对人类社会的发展构成巨大挑战,迫使人们加速绿色能源技术的开发。微纳米技术、机械与材料工程的迅速发展使得振动能量的收集与应用成为可能,其主要部分为通过电磁转换、静电转换、压电转换、磁致伸缩转换、磁电转换、摩擦纳米发电以及它们的复合形式将振动能量转化为电能。其中摩擦纳米发电是最新的研究热点之一。本文回顾了振动能量收集技术原理、材料、结构等方面的研究现状,重点综述了国内外学者的主要研究成果,详细阐述了多种收集方式的原理、特点和电学输出性能,总结了目前该技术存在的关乎耦合性能、频带、收集效率、集成性和寿命等有待进一步解决的关键问题,并由此展望振动能量收集技术的研究发展趋势,希望为集能设计研究领域的工作者提供有价值的参考。

The recent adverse environment change,such as global warming,rising sea level,and glacier melting,greatly challenges the future of human society,demanding accelerated exploration of green energy technologies.The advancements in micro-nano technology and mechanical-material engineering make it possible to the harvest and utilization of vibration energy,mainly to convert it to electrical energy via electromagnetic conversion,electrostatic conversion,piezoelectric conversion,magnetostrictive conversion,magnetoelectric conversion,and triboelectric nanogeneration,as well as hybrid mechanisms.Among these,triboelectric nanogeneration is the latest research focus.The current status of researches on the mechanisms,materials,structures for vibration energy harvest technologies were reviewed,major achievements of domestic and international researchers were retrospected.The working principles,characteristics,electric output performances of a number of energy harvest methods are explained in detail,and some key problems remain to be solved pertaining to the coupling performance,frequency range,harvest efficiency,integration and longevity in the research on vibration energy harvest technologies are summarized.The trend of future developments of vibration energy harvest technologies are also discussed,hoping to provide a valuable reference for the people in the field of energy harvest.