基于TMD控制的风力机结构抗震研究

ANTI-SEISMIC STUDY OF WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE BASED ON TMD

湍流风与地震是导致风力机塔架振动最主要的因素。为研究风-震耦合工况下风力机结构的动力学响应特性及抗震控制,以NREL 5 MW风力机为研究对象,通过Wolf方法建立土-构耦合模型,基于多体动力学仿真开源软件FAST平台二次开发地震载荷计算模块,通过自编译程序在塔顶配置调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper,TMD),对地震作用下风力机塔架进行结构控制。结果表明:地震载荷极大加剧了塔架侧向振动,激振频率为塔架一阶侧向固有频率;TMD控制时塔架和机舱动力响应明显减小,其中塔顶侧向位移幅值变化范围缩小18%,标准差减小了67%,塔架一阶固有频率处响应幅值大幅降低,高达90%;塔顶侧向加速度变化幅度降低4%,标准差缩小了61%,塔架一阶固有频率处振动峰值降低了88%。结果表明,TMD方法可用于地震等极端环境下风力机的抗震控制,提高风力机运行稳定性。

Turbulent winds and earthquakes are the two main factors that lead to the vibration of the wind turbine tower.In order to study the dynamic response characteristics and anti-seismic of wind turbine structure under wind-earthquake coupling condition,NREL 5 MW wind turbine is studied.A soil-structure interaction model was established by Wolf Method,and based on the multi body dynamics simulation and open source software FAST,the seismic load calculation module is developed.The structural control of the wind turbine tower under the seismic condition is carried out by configuring a tuned mass damper(Tuned Mass damper,TMD)at the top of the tower by self-compiling program.The results show that the seismic load greatly increases the lateral vibration of the tower,and the excitation frequency is the first-order lateral natural frequency of the tower.Under the control of TMD,the dynamic response of tower and nacelle are obviously reduced,where the amplitude of lateral displacement of the tower top is reduced by 18%,the standard deviation is reduced by 67%,and the response amplitude of the first order natural frequency of tower is greatly reduced,as high as 90%.Additionally,the variation of the lateral acceleration of the tower top is reduced by 4%,the standard deviation is reduced by 61%,and the peak vibration of the first-order natural frequency decreases by 88%.Therefore,the TMD can be used for anti-seismic of wind turbines in extreme environments such as earthquakes,and improve the stability of wind turbines.