道路抗撞结构立柱动态冲击试验用新型台车的私人订制

Private customization of a new bogie applicable for the dynamic impact test of the post with the road anti-collision structure

为设计出一种适用于道路抗撞结构(即护栏)立柱动态冲击试验的新型台车,文中以《National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350》和《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》(JTG B05-01—2013)为新型台车设计参考依据,并基于有限元数值分析法将《德国2020高技术战略》中私人订制设计理念融入新型台车设计,即参考汽车理论和汽车设计,在新型台车质心前后对称地设计配重盒并通过添加配重块的方式实现了台车的私人订制,使其质量可在1.1~1.8 t范围内变化。分别建立了新型台车-立柱和传统台车-立柱有限元动态冲击模型进行对比分析及新型台车极限工况分析,得出:传统台车质量固定,不能很好地完成抗撞结构不同立柱的动态冲击试验,试验时加速度较大,且试验局限性较大;新型台车在试验时具有加速度小、使用灵活方便、节约成本等优点。此外,新型台车可实现对法规中所有立柱动态冲击试验的全覆盖,还能用于防撞垫、护栏端头等抗撞结构的100 km/h正面碰撞试验,具有良好的耐撞性和适用性,适合在抗撞结构立柱动态冲击试验中推广使用。

In this article,in order to design a new bogie which is applicable for the dynamic impact test of the post with the road anti-collision structure(that is guardrail),the regulations including NCHRP 350 and JTG B05-01—2013 serve as the reference;based on the finite-element numerical analysis,the design concept of private customization in German 2020 is incorporated.With the aid of the automobile theory and the automobile design,the counterweight boxes are developed symmetrically in front of and after the centroid of the new bogie,and the weight block is added to the box,thus making the mass change from 1.1 t to1.8 t,Finally,both the finite-element comparative analysis and the limit working-condition analysis are carry out,based on the finite-element dynamic impact models of the new bogie-post and the traditional bogie-post.The results show that the traditional bogie,with the fixed mass and the larger acceleration,cannot perform well in the impact test,where the posts have different anticollision structures.By contrast,the new bogie with smaller acceleration is flexible,convenient,and cost-saving.Besides,it can perform the dynamic impact test of all the posts with different anti-collision structures mentioned in the regulations,as well as the frontal crash test of the other anti-collision structures,for instance,crash pad and guard-rail end,with the maximum collision speed of 100 km/h.It,with good crashworthiness and applicability,is widely applied in the dynamic impact test of the post with the road anti-collision structure.