凸曲率飞机蒙皮拉形工装及技术的研究

Research of equipment and technology of convex curvature aircraft skin stretch forming

随着新型飞机理论气动外形要求的提高,对飞机上蒙皮类零件质量要求也越来越高。拉形技术作为传统工艺,是成形大型蒙皮零件的主要成形技术之一。虽然拉形技术现在仍被广大应用于各大飞机生产厂,但由于在工艺和工装设计时一般以经验为主,设计上存在着不合理性,导致一些蒙皮在生产过程中造成材料浪费,甚至形成零件起皱等缺陷。文中针对某新型飞机上的一种大型蒙皮类零件,采用有限元分析,对该零件原有工艺和工装进行改进。通过对比两种工艺的实际试模,验证了改进后工艺及工装的准确性及适用性,加工出了表面质量更好、精度更高的合格产品零件。

With the improvement of aerodynamic shape new aircraft requires,the quality requirements of aircraft skin parts is also higher.As the traditional process,the stretch forming technology is one of the main forming technology of forming large aircraft skin parts.Although the stretch forming technology now is still broad applied to each big aircraft manufacturer,but as a result of the process and tooling design is given priority to with experience on general,the design is not reasonable,it will cause some aircraft skin material waste in the process of production,even comes to being wrinkling defects and so on.In this paper a new type of aircraft on a large skin parts,using finite element analysis of the parts process and equipment improvement,through the practical trial comparing the two kinds of process,verify the accuracy and applicability of the improved process and tooling,machining a better surface quality,precision higher qualified parts.