剪切应力影响下近壁微液膜测量技术及波动特性研究

Experimental Study on the Dynamics of a Thin Liquid Film under Shearing Force

基于尺度分离理论,近壁微液膜波动特性对临界热负荷的产生有至关重要的影响。针对水平管内分层流动近壁微液膜在气流剪切应力作用下的波动特性进行研究,分析声学法,射线法,电学法和光学法等不同检测方法在近壁薄液膜厚度测量上的应用,并比较各种方法的优缺点。最终采用光学法,即利用光谱共焦位移传感器,对不同气、液流速条件下近壁微液膜进行测量,分析剪切夹带对液膜厚度变化的影响规律,获得液膜撕裂的临界条件。研究结果表明:微液膜平均厚度在气流剪切夹带影响下随气速的增大而减小。由于液滴夹带现象影响程度的不同,在不同气、液流速条件下,试验段出口处液膜平均厚度液膜呈现线性或非线性的变化趋势。气流剪切应力增大时,液膜厚度超过临界厚度即发生撕裂现象,液膜撕裂存在随机性,当壁面条件一定时,临界液膜厚度不随气、液流速的变化而变化,但在高气、液流速条件下液膜波动加剧。

The "scales-separation" phenomenon indicates that high heat-flux boiling and boiling crisis is dominated by micro-hydrodynamics of liquid microlayer on the heater surface. The techniques for liquid film measurement such as acoustic methods, nucleonic techniques, electrical methods, and optical methods are discussed in detail. Accordingly, a confocal optical sensor system is used to detect the dynamics of liquid film sheared by the co-flowing air from above in a horizontal aluminum channel. The impact of the gas shearing on film behaviors is analyzed and the integrity of liquid film is discussed in detail. The results indicate that the liquid film thickness decreases due to the entrainment and shows a linear or nonlinear variation under different flow conditions. Additionally, for a specific surface, the critical film thickness for an integral film is found to have no relation with the gas and liquid flow rates but the fluctuation of the liquid film increases with the increasing gas velocity.