熔焊热过程与熔池行为数值模拟的研究进展

Progress in Numerical Simulation of Thermal Processes and Weld Pool Behaviors in Fusion Welding

熔焊是目前机械制造业中应用最为广泛的材料连接技术。熔焊过程中的传热与熔池流动行为对于焊缝成形、接头微观组织与服役性能等起着决定性作用。准确地分析和计算熔焊热过程与熔池形态,对于焊接冶金分析、应力变形分析、过程控制及工艺优化等都具有十分重要的意义,也是使焊接工艺从'定性'走向'定量'分析、从'经验'走向'科学'的重要途径。对焊接电弧物理、熔滴过渡、熔池形态、高速焊接熔池传热与流动、等离子弧焊和激光焊接的小孔与熔池动态行为、激光-电弧复合热源焊接热过程的数值模拟研究现状与存在问题进行了评述,讨论了上述前沿领域的研究方向与发展趋势,旨在为实现熔焊工艺优化和过程控制提供理论依据。

The fusion welding processes are extensively used material joining processes in manufacturing industry.The thermal physics and weld pool behaviors in fusion welding have decisive influence on the weld bead quality,the microstructure and service performance of the joints.Accurate analysis and calculation of thermal processes and weld pool behaviors are of great significance to the welding metallurgy analysis,stress & deformation analysis,process control and process optimization etc.Numerical simulation is also a necessary way to turn welding from qualitative description & experience-based art into quantitative analysis-& and science-based engineering branch.The state-of-art and existing problems of numerical simulation for arc physics,droplet transfer behavior,high-speed weld bead defect formation,keyhole dynamics and weld pool behaviors of plasma arc welding,laser welding and laser-arc hybrid welding are reviewed,and the trend in this field is also discussed,aiming at providing a fundamental guideline for the fusion welding process optimization and control.