高速列车齿轮箱载荷特性分析

Analysis on Load Characteristics of High-speed Train Gearbox

以某型动车组齿轮箱为研究对象,建立齿轮箱隔振橡胶的有限元模型,分析载荷频率、振幅及预载荷对橡胶非线性刚度的影响规律。通过吊杆力传感器获得齿轮箱载荷时间历程,分析列车在启动牵引、制动停车、高低速直线运行及坡道运行等典型工况下齿轮箱载荷的时程曲线及载荷变化规律。在数据统计基础上得到齿轮箱趋势载荷对动态载荷及动态载荷谱的影响规律,同时定义疲劳损伤影响参数来分析不同载荷对结构整体损伤的影响程度。研究结果表明,在一定作用频率范围内,橡胶非线性刚度受频率影响较小,随着预载荷的增大而增大;趋势载荷的增大使齿轮箱动载荷幅值呈现出明显的增大趋势;趋势载荷和动态载荷单独作用下的疲劳损伤影响参数值分别为0.04、0.69,载荷谱中舍弃趋势载荷会导致结构疲劳损伤值降低31%。该研究结果在高速列车齿轮箱的仿真分析及国产化研究等方面具有一定参考价值。

Taking the gearbox of a certain model as the research object, the finite element model of vibration isolation rubber is established to analyze the effect of load frequency, amplitude and pre-load on the nonlinear stiffness of the rubber. The gearbox load is obtained by the suspension bar force sensor. The load time history and distribution characteristics are provided under typical service cases such as starting, braking, straight line running, slope passing, and so on. On the basis of statistics, the influence of trend load on dynamic load and load spectrum are studied. The fatigue damage influence parameter is defined to analyze the influence of different loads on the structural damage. It is shown that in a certain load frequency range, the nonlinear stiffness of the rubber is less affected by the frequency and it increases with the increase of pre-load. The increase of trend load makes the amplitude of dynamic load increase obviously. The influence parameter values of fatigue damage caused by trend load and dynamic load are 0.04 and 0.69. It would decrease 31% if the trend load is not considered in the load spectrum compilation. The research result provides a certain degree of reference for simulation and domestic design of the gearbox.