深海液压技术应用与研究进展

Applications and Research Progress of Hydraulic Technology in Deep Sea

液压传动(包括油液压和水液压)具有刚性好、结构紧凑、承载能力高、功率重量比大、响应速度快等突出优点,在深海高压环境下压力补偿相对容易;同时,液压传动的失效模式为渐进式(如压力、流量逐渐下降等),给设备操作人员提供预警时间,可有效避免突发式的故障,提高设备的安全性,因此,液压技术在深海装备上得到了广泛的应用。在分析液压技术在深海装备中应用的优点的基础上,概述其国内外研究现状,介绍深海液压技术的几个典型应用:(1)潜水器浮力调节系统;(2)水下作业工具;(3)水下作业机械手。最后,对深海液压技术存在的问题进行了分析和展望,指出深海环境下介质特性变化和结构形变是需要关注的两个重要问题;随着元器件不断丰富和成熟,海水液压技术会在深海装备中发挥更大的作用。

Hydraulic transmission including oil hydraulics and water hydraulics has the advantages of good rigidity, compact structure, large load capacity, large power-weight ratio and fast response. The pressure compensation is relatively easy to be achieved in the deep sea environment. In addition, the failure ways of hydraulic transmission are usually gradual, such as gradual reduction of pressure and flow rate, which provides operation workers with pre-warning time to avoid sudden breakdown and improve the security of equipment. Therefore, hydraulic technology is widely used in deep sea equipment. It is analyzed the advantages of hydraulic technology being used in deep sea applications, and summarizes both the domestic and global research situations. Also, several typical applications of deep sea hydraulic technology are introduced: buoyancy adjusting system of underwater vehicles, underwater tools and manipulators. Finally, the analysis and outlook for current issues of deep sea hydraulic technology have been conducted; pointing out that medium characteristic variation and structure deformation in deep sea are the two key problems, which should be paid attention to. With the development of components and parts, seawater hydraulic technology will play a greater role in the deep sea equipment.