自行车座椅高度对事故中骑车人动力学响应的影响

Research on the Effect of Seat Height on Cyclists’ Dynamics Response in Vehicle-bicycle Accident

通过PC-Crash软件建立自行车、骑车人和汽车模型,并进行事故仿真试验。引入自行车的座高参数对骑车人损伤进行研究,可以进一步深入的分析骑车人损伤情况。通过分析典型碰撞事故中自行车座椅高度参数对骑车人头部和下肢损伤的影响,同时建立了相应的数学模型,并通过真实事故案例验证了模型的可靠性。仿真试验的结果表明,当汽车车头中部与自行车发生碰撞,且座高较低时,骑车人头部碰撞位置主要集中在引擎盖中上部;随着座椅高度的增加,头部碰撞位置逐渐上移到靠近挡风玻璃上边框的位置;受车型影响,自行车座椅高度参数对骑车人造成的影响具有不同特点;在各个碰撞角度下,不同自行车座高所对应的骑车人动力学响应有所差异;骑车人头部损伤风险和下肢骨折风险与自行车座高具有相关性。

Bicycle, cyclist and car models were built software and accident simulation tests were conducted using PC-Crash. The parameter of the bicycle’s seat height is introduced to study the injuries of cyclists, then the cyclist injury situation is further analyzed. The impact of bicycle seat height parameters on the cyclist’s head and lower limb injuries in typical crash accidents are analyzed, and corresponding mathematical models are established. Finally, the reliability of the models are verified through real accident cases. The result of the simulation test shows that when the front middle of the car collides with the bicycle with a lower seat height, the rider’s head collision position is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the hood; As the height of the seat increases, the head collision position gradually moves up to a position close to the upper border of the windshield; The influence of the seat height of the bicycle on the cyclist has different characteristics depending on the type of vehicle; At different collision angles, the cyclist’s dynamic responses corresponding to different bicycle seat heights are different; the risk of head injury and lower limb fractures is related to the bicycle seat height.