基于动态压力的高温陶瓷过滤器断裂在线故障诊断

On-line Fault Diagnosis of High Temperature Ceramic Filter Fracture Based on Dynamic Pressure

壳牌煤气化以及催化裂化工艺中,高温陶瓷过滤器是保证系统长周期稳定运行的重要设备。但因系统开停车、脉冲反吹引起的振动、过滤管间粉尘架桥等原因,使得陶瓷过滤管存在断裂现象,因此对过滤管是否断裂进行在线诊断十分必要。常温常压下,在多管过滤性能试验装置上,使用高频动态压力传感器,测定脉冲反吹过程中不同泄漏孔径下过滤器内壁面不同位置处的动态压力,通过提取动态压力的特征值,并将特征值量纲一化后用一个加权值参数表示,建立了动态压力与泄漏孔径的关系模型,通过试验数据验证了模型的正确性;根据动态压力到达不同位置处传感器所测定的时间不同,使用量纲一化广义互相关函数,建立基于时间差的源信号定位模型,能精准判别陶瓷过滤管泄漏所在的位置。通过两个模型的相互耦合,能快速准确判断过滤器中是否有过滤管断裂以及断裂的位置和多少,为过滤器的稳定运行提供一定的技术支持。

High temperature ceramic filters play a key role in the Shell coal gasification process and catalytic cracking. Ceramic filter tubes break owing to vibration by a pulse jet, start-up and shut down of the system, dust bridges between the tubes, diagnosing the breakage of these ceramic filter tubes on line is essential. During the process of pulse cleaning, high frequency sensors and multi-tube filtration performance experimental set-up are used to investigate dynamic pressure variation with the hole diameter of leakage in the inner wall of the filter. Feature parameters of dynamic pressure are extracted and normalized. The relationship between the dynamic pressure and the hole diameter of leakage is established for parameters represented by a weighted parameter. The accuracy of the model is verified through the experimental data. Furthermore, the time difference of the dynamic pressure measured by the high frequency sensor at different positions is measured, using normalized generalized cross-correlation functions, the location of the source signal model is established based on the time difference of arrival, and the leakage position of the ceramic filter tubes can be determined. Mutual coupling of both models, it can quickly and accurately determine whether ceramic filter tubes break, breaking location and number of the breaking ceramic filter tubes in the filter. This method provides some technical support for the stable operation of filter.