镇江市中小学生传染病知识及其获取和需求方式分析

Analysis of Infectious Disease Knowledge Acquiring and Need Methods Among Students in Zhenjiang

目的掌握中小学生传染病知识的知晓水平、获取途径和心理需求方式,为学校传染病健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对镇江市2个辖市区8所中小学校的1,644名学生(城市836人,农村808人)进行问卷调查分析。问卷采用卫生部公益性行业科研"1147"课题组编制的《全国中小学校传染病管理状况及相关因素调查》(学生用表)。结果中小学生传染病知识的总知晓率为70.38%,中学生(73.93%)高于小学生(59.82%)(P<0.05);城市学生为71.13%,农村学生为69.60%;肺结核知晓率最低,仅为45.2%。学生传染病知识的主要获取渠道为家长、老师、医生、上网和学校课堂讲座;学生传染病知识的主要心理需求方式是电视、网络新媒体、专题讲座、多媒体录像和课堂教学。结论中小学生传染病知识的知晓水平总体不高,肺结核知晓率最低。学生传染病知识获取方式和心理需求方式的顺位不相同。要充分发挥学校作为传染病健康教育主渠道的作用,加强对学生针对性和多样性传染病健康教育。

Objective To study the infectious disease knowledge rate of elementary and middle school students, their acquiring methods and mental need ways, to provide a policy-making basis for the school infectious disease health education. Methods By stratified cluster random sampling, 1,644 students(836 from city, 808 from countryside) were selected and investigated with questionnaires in eight middle and elementary schools of Zhenjiang city. The questionnaire of National Infectious Disease Management Status in Elementary &Middle Schools and Its Related Factors was adopted, which was composed by the '1147' project group of the medical department. Results The overall infectious disease knowledge rate was 70.38%. That of the middle-school students was 73.93%, which was higher than that of elementary student 59.82%(P<0.05). That was 71.13% for city students, 69.60% for the countryside students. The pulmonary tuberculosis knowledge rate was only 45.2%. The main acquiring ways of infectious disease knowledge were listed from high to low as parents, teacher, doctor, internet, and school classroom course. The students' main desired channels for infectious disease knowledge were television, network new media, special lecture, multimedia videos, and classroom instruction. Conclusion The overall knowledge rate of infectious disease is not high for elementary and middle school students. The acquiring ways of students' infectious disease knowledge and their psychological need channels are not matched. Therefore, the school health education must be strengthened, bringing into full play the main channel function of the school infectious disease health education.