办公室坐姿作业肌肉骨骼疾患健康危害及对策

Health Hazards of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Office Sedentary Work and Its Countermeasures

由职业活动引起的肌肉骨骼损伤亦称为工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs),是世界范围内的主要公共卫生问题。WMSDs的病因学非常复杂,研究证实,个人危险因素和职业危险因素与之有关。由于现代化办公主导模式使电脑越来越普及,办公室坐姿作业导致的肌肉骨骼疾患颈腰椎疾病越来越普遍,同时还会引起许多慢性疾病,如肿瘤、心脏病、糖尿病和中风等的发生。目前,该公共卫生问题已经引起公众关注,但国内迄今还没有针对坐姿办公具有"立竿见影"效果的健康干预措施。本文以设计"站立用电脑桌"为对策,探讨坐姿作业肌肉骨骼疾患健康干预的可行性。

Musculoskeletal injuries caused by the occupational activity, also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorders(work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs), is a major public health problem worldwide. The etiology of WMSDs is very complex. Studies confirmed that individual risk factors and occupational risk factors were related to it. As the dominant mode of modern office computer use is becoming increasingly popular, office sedentary work musculoskeletal disorder, caused by cervical and lumbar disease, is more common. It has also prompted a number of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes and stroke occurrence. At present, the health problem has aroused public concern, but so far no country has a health interventions 'immediate' effect for sedentary office work. In this paper, the design of 'standing desk with a computer' is used as its countermeasure to explore the feasibility of health intervention in sedentary work musculoskeletal disorders.