基于计划行为理论的吸烟男性影响戒烟行为的因素探索

Exploration About Influence Factors for Quit Smoking of Male Smokers Basing on the Theory of Planned Behavior

目的尝试运用计划行为理论建立吸烟男性影响戒烟行为的因素理论模型,为有针对性地开展吸烟男性戒烟干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对200名15岁~69岁的上海市浦东新区吸烟男性进行问卷调查,建立吸烟男性影响戒烟行为的理论模型,运用Logistic回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析验证,确定相关危险因素以及干预策略。结果本次调查中,有戒烟意愿的吸烟男性占23.5%;曾经尝试戒烟的占12.0%。本次调查问卷中涉及的行为信念、规范信念和知觉行为控制等因素均为相关危险因素,且有统计学意义。结论本次调查中计划行为理论在吸烟男性戒烟行为的影响因素模型中得以初步建立和验证。本次研究提示:对于吸烟男性戒烟的干预应该从简单的知信行转变为从行为信念、规范信念、知觉行为控制等方面进行针对性干预。

Objective Using the theory of planned behavior to build the theoretical models of factors of male quit smoking behavior, to provide a basis for carrying out targeted male quit smoking interventions. Methods Survey was conducted in 200 15-69 years old male smokers in Pudong New Area through stratified cluster random sampling method, to establish the theoretical model of male quit smoking behavior, Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to determine risk factors and intervention strategies. Results The proportion of male smokers who had the intention to quit smoking was 23.5%, 12.0% male smokers had tried to quit smoking. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control involved in the questionnaire were all risk factors, and had statistically significant. Conclusion The theory of planned behavior had been preliminary established and validated in the factors model of male quit smoking behavioral through this survey. It is suggested that the intervention of male quit smoking behavior should shift from simple KAP to targeted interventions in terms of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and perceived behavioral control and so on.