居民对二手烟危害的认知及公共场所禁烟的态度调查

A Survey on the Cognition of Residents Regarding the Hazards of Second-hand Smoking and Their Attitude Toward the Smoking Ban in Public Places

目的掌握居民对二手烟暴露危害的认知情况以及对室内公共场所禁烟的支持态度,为健康宣传工作的进一步开展及控烟政策的制定提供有力依据。方法调查对象为15岁及以上的常住人口,采用了两阶段整群抽样设计,共抽取了2,500户家庭,调查了2,233户,成功访谈了2,213人。结果有61.0%的居民认为吸入二手烟会导致成人心脏病,有83.8%的居民认为二手烟会导致成人肺部疾病,有75.4%的居民认为吸二手烟会导致儿童肺部疾病。居民对6类室内公共场所完全禁止吸烟的支持力度不同,对中小学校支持力度最大(98.5%),其他依次为医院(97.1%)、大学(95.8%)、工作场所(91.3%)和餐馆(76.2%),支持率最低的是酒吧/夜总会(57.5%)。结论控烟宣传信息应注意将二手烟所导致的危害具体化、详细化,使居民对烟草危害能够全面了解。同时,应将控烟宣传与控烟执法重点放在人员流动性大的餐饮娱乐场所,实现公共场所全面禁烟。

Objective To learn the cognition regarding the hazards of secondhand smoking(SHS) and attitude toward indoor smoking ban in public places among the residents, in order to further develop health education programs, and provide stronger basis for the establishment of tobacco control policies. Methods Respondents were selected from the permanent residents aged 15 years old and above by two stage cluster sampling, a total of 2,500 families were selected, and actually 2,233 families participated, eventually 2,213 residents finished the survey. Results The proportion of residents who knew that SHS can cause adult heart diseases was 61.0%, 83.8% of them knew that SHS can lead to adults’ lung diseases, 75.4% of them knew that SHS can lead to child lung diseases. The proportions for supporting banning smoking in different public places were 98.5%(for primary and middle schools), 97.1%(for hospitals), 95.8%(for universities), 91.3%(for working places), and 76.2%(for restaurants) respectively. Conclusion Education and information for the hazards of the SHS should be more specific and detailed in order to let the residents fully understand the hazards of the SHS. At the same time, restaurants should be an important venue to carry out some education activities.