以学校为基础的青少年自杀风险筛查与干预研究

A Study of Adolescent Suicide Risk Screening and Intervention Based on the School Setting

目的了解学校青少年自杀风险现状,探索自杀风险预防与控制的干预方法。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取2,624名(13~18岁)在校中学生作为研究对象。在哥伦比亚自杀问卷(CSS)、贝克抑郁量表(BDI)筛查的基础上,通过建立学校危机援助网络,采用普遍性、选择性和针对性干预的方法,对学生、家长和学校教职员工开展预防自杀的干预。结果在校中学生自杀风险筛查阳性率为25.50%,其中,CSS筛查阳性率为18.83%,BDI筛查阳性率为16.16%。高中生自杀风险筛查阳性率高于初中学生,女生自杀风险筛查阳性率高于男生。干预后,初中生自杀风险筛查阳性率从20.85%下降至12.54%(P<0.01),高中生的自杀风险阳性率从干预前的28.48%下降至14.30%(P<0.01)。结论干预措施对降低青少年自杀风险有一定的效果,CSS合并BDI筛查可用于学生群体的自杀风险筛查,为普遍性干预提供依据。

Objective To understand the prevalence risks of school youth suicide, and explore intervention ways to prevent and control risk. Methods By cluster random sampling method, 2,624(13-18 years old) students of middle school were investigated. Based on the screening using Colombia Suicide Screen(CSS) and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), interventions to prevent suicide were carried out for students, parents and school staff through the establishment of assistance network of school crisis by means of common, selective and specific methods. Results Students suicide risk screening positive rate was 25.50%, among which CSS positive rate of screening was 18.83%, BDI screening-positive rate was 16.16%. Senior middle school students had a higher suicide risk rate than the junior high school students. The rate of girls was higher than that of the boys. Junior high school students' suicide risk screening rate decreased from 20.85% to 12.54%(P<0.01) after the intervention; Risk screening positive rate of high school students dropped from 28.48% to 14.30%(P<0.01). ConclusionInterventions to reduce the risk of youth suicide have a certain effect. CSS combined with BDI screening for suicide risk screening is available for student groups, can provide a basis for universal intervention.