社区居民健康素养调查分析与指标应用探讨

Analysis of Health Literacy Status Among Community Residents in Baoshan District and Application Studies of Health Literacy Indicators

目的了解宝山区居民健康素养状况,分析影响因素并探讨健康素养指标的应用。方法随机抽取宝山区居民1 360人进行调查,并结合健康素养状况分析对指标应用进行探讨。结果宝山区居民健康素养具备率为15.5%,其中基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、健康技能素养的具备率分别为26.8%、18.7%和27.9%。六类健康问题健康素养具备率情况:安全与急救为68.0%,科学健康观为46.7%,健康信息为30.8%,传染病防治为24.9%,基本医疗为12.1%,慢性病防治为9.3%。文化程度、年龄、职业和收入均对健康素养有影响(P<0.05)。对健康素养具备率相同的社区进行比较,其居民健康素养的均分差异有显著性(P<0.05),得分构成差异较大。结论宝山区居民健康素养水平低于全市平均水平,健康教育任务艰巨。单一应用健康素养具备率指标有局限性,应综合应用。

Objective To investigate the health literacy status among residents in Baoshan District,and to analyze its influence factors and study the application of the health literacy indicators.Method By selecting 1 360 residents in Baoshan District,a survey was performed to acknowledge the health literacy status and study the application of the indicators.Results The health literacy level of residents in Baoshan District was 15.5%,and the proportions of residents which had basic health knowledge and conception,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and health skills were 26.8%,18.7%and 27.9%,respectively.The proportion of residents who knew well about six kinds of health problems was 68.0%(safety and first aid),46.7%(scientific view of health),30.8%(health information),24.9%(prevention and control of infectious diseases),12.1%(basic medical care),and 9.3%(chronic diseases prevention).Education,age,occupation and income were influence factors in health literacy(P<0.05).Differences among average scores of residents at communities with the same health literacy had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy level of residents in Baoshan District is lower than the average level in Shanghai.The task of health education is arduous.Integrated application of health literacy indicators should be advocated in health education studies.