不同人口学特征的临床护士自我效能感与应对方式的相关性研究

Research on Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Coping Style of Clinical Nurses with Different Demographic Characteristic

目的了解综合性三甲医院不同人口学特征临床护士的自我效能感和应对方式现状,探讨两者间的相关性,为有效提高『临床护士自我效能感提供理论依据。方法选取广东地区三所综合性三甲医院480名临床护士,采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)分别对其自我效能感状况和应对方式进行调查研究。结果临床护士自我效能感总体得分较高,68.54%临床护士属于自我效能感较高人群。72.08%临床护士倾向于选择积极应对方式。不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况临床护士的自我效能感及应对方式存在不同程度的差异。自我效能感与应对方式的关系研究显示,临床护士自我效能感较高者在积极应对方式及应对倾向上得分显著高于自我效能感较低者(t=5.639,P<0.01;t=5.990,P<0.01),而在消极应对方式上得分则显著低于自我效能感较低者(t=3.981,P<0.01)。此外,临床护士自我效能感与积极应对方式及应对倾向呈显著正相关(r=0.349,P<0.01;r=0.363,P<0.01),而消极应对方式呈显著负相关(r=-0.239,P<0.01)。结论临床护士的自我效能感与其特定的应对方式密切相关,发展积极良好的应对方式有利于提高其自我效能感。此外,不同人口学特征临床护士自我效能感与应对方式情况存在差异,可采取针对性的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the status of self-efficacy and coping style and explore the correlation between them in nurses with different demographic characteristic in 3A hospitals,in order to provide evidences for enhancing their self-efficacy.Methods General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ) were applied in 480 nurses in the three 3A hospitals of Guangdong area.Results The overall score of self-efficacy from nurses was rather high,and 68.54%of them in a high level.Seventy-two point zero eight percent of nurses used positive coping style.There were significant differences in self-efficacy and coping style among nurses in different demographic characteristics.The study on relationship between self-efficacy and coping style showed that nurses whose self-efficacy in a high level got a higher score on positive coping style than those in a low level(t=5.639,P<0.01),and at the same time,they got a significantly lower score on the negative coping style(t=3.981,P<0.01).Besides,there was a positive correlation in self-efficacy and positive coping style(r=0.349,P<0.01),and a negative correlation between self-efficacy and negative coping style(r=-0.239,P<0.01).Conclusion Self-efficacy of nurses is closely related to their coping style.Choosing positive coping style can effectively enhance their self-efficacy and improve their mental health.Furthermore,there are differences between self-efficacy and coping style of nurses in different demographic characteristics.Targeted intervening measures could be taken to improve their psychological health level.