高校扩招能促进工业企业集聚吗?——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

How the Expanding College Enrollment Scale Affects Industrial Enterprises Agglomeration——Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

本文分析了高校扩招影响工业企业集聚的内在机制,并利用2003-2012年中国31个省级面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)高校扩招能够促进工业企业集聚。相对于研究生扩招,本专科生扩招对工业企业集聚的作用更为明显。(2)高校扩招对中高技术行业企业集聚具有显著的促进作用,而对低技术行业企业集聚的作用不明显。(3)高校扩招性别结构的调整能够促进工业企业集聚。其中,女研究生扩招对中高技术行业企业集聚具有显著的促进作用,而女本专科生扩招对低技术行业企业集聚的作用不明显。(4)相较于东部地区高校扩招,中西部地区高校扩招对工业企业集聚的作用较为明显。然而,中西部地区高校扩招性别结构的调整对工业企业集聚的作用不明显。

Using the panel data of 31 provinces of China during 2003-2012, this paper analyzed the internal mechanism how the expanding college enrollment scale affected industrial enterprises agglomeration. The results showed that college enrollment policy could promote the industrial enterprises agglomeration. Compared with the effect of expanding postgraduate enrollment, the promotion effect of expanding junior college student and undergraduate enrollment was more salient; it was obvious that college enrollment expansion significantly enhanced the agglomeration of enterprises in middle-high tech industry while that for enterprises in low tech industry was tiny; to adjust the gender structure of college enrollment could promote the industrial agglomeration. The expansion of female postgraduate students enrollment could in particular promoted the agglomeration of enterprises in middle-high tech industry while expanding junior college students and undergraduate enrollment for females scarcely influenced the gathering of low-tech technology enterprises; the impact of college enrollment expansion on industrial agglomeration in the central and western regions was greater than that in the eastern regions. But the adjustment of gender structure of college enrollment had no obvious effect on industrial enterprises agglomeration in central and western regions.