农户分化背景下农村家庭子女教育投资的异质性研究——兼论影子教育对教育结果均等化的影响

Empirical Study on Heterogeneity of Children's Education Investment under the Background of Social Stratification in Rural China

本文利用2014年CFPS数据,采用Tobit模型,考察了农户分化对农村家庭子女教育投资的影响及其作用机理,并利用Heckman两阶段法进行了稳健性检验。结果表明,农户子女教育投资出现了明显的群体差异,农民分化是影响农户子女教育投资的重要因素,表现为经济资本、文化资本、社会资本丰裕的农村家庭,其子女教育投资较高;且农户分化对非义务教育阶段子女教育投资的影响更大。同时,农户子女教育投资的地区差异显著。提高农村弱势群体的子女教育投资水平,打破教育投资的"马太效应",阻断贫困的代际传递,是我国经济社会可持续发展的关键。

Employing CFPS data of 2014 and Tobit model, this paper observed the heterogeneity of rural household children's education investment under the background of social stratification and its mechanism of action and reexamined its robustness by applying Heckman two-step model. The result showed that the education investment of peasant's children had emerged great group differences in rural China. The stratification of peasant was the most influential factor influencing their children's education investment. It assumed that the children with higher education investment stemmed always from the family which had more resources of economics, cultural or social capitals. And it showed more obviously in the compulsory education stage. Meanwhile, the education investment of peasant's children had significant difference among regions. Therefore, to improve the education investment level of low-income groups in rural China and to break the 'Matthew effect' is the key to the sustainable economic development in China.