大学学费制度:国际经验与中国选择

University Tuition System: International Experience and China's Strategy

学费制度是大学组织的基本制度。世界大学组织系统的多样化,造就了学费制度的多样化。本文选择OECD官方网站的数据,考察十六国大学学费制度的生成发展,在2004-2013年间,学费收取多少,大学特别是公立大学与社会经济关系的调适状况。其一,从学费与高等教育成本的维度,把各国大学分成高学费、高成本等四种类型;其二,从学费与家庭负担的维度,把各国大学分成高学费、高负担等四种类型。由此得到的结论,在各国高等教育系统之间,大学学费制度生成存在"路径依赖";高等教育服务正从公共产品转变为主要是有益于个人的产品;学费逐渐成为高等教育服务质量的调节手段;针对我国学费制度调整,提出的相关对策是树立按"能力原则"缴费上学的理念,建立以高等教育成本为基准的学费定价机制,构建分级分层的学费价格体系。

The tuition system is the basic system in university organization. The diversification of the world's university organization system results in the diversification of the tuition system. By using the data of OECD official website,sampling the data of 16 countries between 2003 and 2012, this paper looks into the development of tuition system and the tuition fees of these country, and on top of that, observes the relationship between universities, especially public universities, and social economics. Firstly, from the dimension of tuition and the cost of higher education, it can be divided into four types, that of high tuition, high cost and so on. And then, from the dimension of tuition and family burden, it can be divided into other four types, such as high tuition, high burden and so on. The conclusion shows that: in the higher education system among all countries, there is a path dependence of university's tuition system; higher education service is shifting from public products to products mainly for individuals; tuition has gradually become the adjusting methods of higher education service quality. And to adjust the tuition system in China, it put forward such corresponding strategies as to pay the cost based on people's capacity, establish the mechanism which based on higher education costs, and build classification layered tuition price system.